Scarlet Letter And Scaffold Essays - English-language Films

Scarlet Letter And Scaffold Scaffold "I am as content to die for God's eternal truth on the scaffold as in any other way (Bookshelf)," John Brown, a U.S. abolitionist in 1859, said in a letter to his children on the eve of his execution. The scaffold is a raised wooden framework or platform used for public speaking. It is similar to a stage or a framework. A scaffold is also a platform used in the execution of condemned prisoners, as by hanging or beheading. A scaffold can also be a raised platform, seat or stand used for the purpose of exhibiting persons or actions to the public view (Webster's). A scaffold, similar to a stage, platform or framework, can be permanent. Other types of permanent scaffolds are used in bridges. The basic beam bridge, a simple beam over a span, is strengthened by adding support piers underneath and by reinforcing the structure with elaborate scaffolding called a truss. This method of scaffolding is clearly apparent in most present day bridges, but most travelers do not even realize this fact. The scaffolding includes the huge poles or wires that sit on top of the bridge; this suspension is an extremely advanced scaffold. This method is sometimes also used in suspending a roof. Scaffolds, however, can also be temporary. A scaffold is also a temporary platform, usually suspended on poles from below or suspended from above, on which workers sit or stand during the erection, repairing or decoration of a building. For instance, construction workers stand on scaffolds when building a new structure. Scaffolding allows workers to transport themselves and their materials up and down an unfinished building during construction. Also, a person cleaning the windows of a building must use a scaffold to reach all the windows above ground. Michelangelo used a scaffold to paint the frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome (Groiler's). He worked on a scaffold sixty feet above ground, which covered 10,000 square feet of surface. Another type of temporary scaffold is used in boating and fishing. A flake is a scaffold lowered over the side of a ship to support workers or caulkers when they are either fishing or drying the captured fish (Webster's). The ancient Egyptians can be considered the first people to use temporary scaffolding. The entrance to the Great Pyramid is fifty-five feet above ground level. The entrance was intended for use only once, during King Khufu's funeral (Groiler's). Special scaffolding was erected so the coffin could be placed inside the pyramid. The scaffolding was then dismantled as a safety measure against grave robbers. Scaffold can also be used as a verb. To scaffold could mean to prop up. For instance, new titles may be scaffolded with laws. That is, laws will support the titles. Another, every day, yet connotative, use of the word scaffold would mean to execute. A person who is scaffolded is executed. Scaffold usually denotes a negative, punishing aura when it is used as a verb. As a verb, scaffold is not often used and is a word from early America. Thus, the word can have many different meanings. The scaffold plays an important denotative role in many books, movie and plays. One such book is The Scarlet Letter. The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a story of a young woman, Hester Prynne, living in Puritan dominated Salem, Massachusetts, who commits adultery. The man with whom she engages in the affair is one of the town's Reverends, Mr. Dimmesdale. Hester and Dimmesdale have a baby, Pearl. Hester's husband, Roger Chillingworth, who was missing for two years, returns to find Hester being punished for cheating on him. "Hester Prynne passed through this portion of her ordeal, and came to a sort of scaffold (51)," Hawthorne tells in the opening seen of the novel. In The Scarlet Letter, the scaffold acts as a place for punishment. "This scaffold constituted a portion of a penal machine, which now, for two or three generations past, has been merely historical and traditionary among us, but was held, in the old time, to be as effectual an agent in the promotion of good citizenship, as ever was the guillotine," Hawthorne states in explaining the scaffolds use. The scaffold had wooden steps leading on to it. The steps of the scaffold became the walk of death for many people before they were beheaded. A balcony or open gallery stood over the platform and was attached to the meetinghouse. During Hester's punishment, the ministers and Governor sat in the gallery in order

Dr. Edward Deming Essay

Dr. Edward Deming Essay Free Online Research Papers Dr. Edward Deming is said to be the father of modern quality and a leader in business management. He claimed that an organization must change its organizational behaviors if it had any chance of reaching its highest level of performance. Deming’s work in Japanrebuilding industries after World War II and instructing top executives and engineers in quality managementwas a driving force behind the nations economic rise and their reputation for high-quality products. His advice to Japan made Mr. Deming the leader of a generation of specialists on product durability and reliability who were then sought by American companies trying to catch up to Asian competitors. But his renown in the United States never matched the reputation he achieved in Japan. (Holusha, 1993) However, Deming was relatively unknown in the United States. During wartime in the US, efforts to establish quality-control methods were ignored in favor of a rush to push products out the doors of factories. The prevailing attitude in American culture from the 1950s through the 1970s was that more quality meant higher prices and consumers did not want to pay the prices for high-quality goods which all went against the teachings of Dr. Deming. Deming has published many books and several of his lectures on his philosophy of continual improvement, quality control, and cooperation. Deming is most known for his widely published book, Out of the Crisis in which he writes about the productivity and quality control issues facing businesses and considers the practical responses that management should take. Out of Crises provides a detailed account of Deming’s thinking on how to improve productivity, quality, and competitive advantage and what management’s role needs to be to achieve these increases. Deming claims in Out of the Crisis that managements failure to plan for the future brings about failure in the business. Management must create innovative plans to stay in business, protect investment, ensure future success, and provide more jobs through improved product and service. Deming offered fourteen key principles for management for transforming business effectiveness. The points were first presented in his book Out of the Crisis. (Deming, 1986 p. 23-24) 1. Create constancy of purpose toward improvement of product and service, with the aim to become competitive and stay in business, and to provide jobs. 2. Adopt the new philosophy. We are in a new economic age. Western management must awaken to the challenge, must learn their responsibilities, and take on leadership for change. 3. Cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality. Eliminate the need for inspection on a mass basis by building quality into the product in the first place. 4. End the practice of awarding business on the basis of price tag. Instead, minimize total cost. Move towards a single supplier for any one item, on a long-term relationship of loyalty and trust. 5. Improve constantly and forever the system of production and service, to improve quality and productivity, and thus constantly decrease cost. 6. Institute training on the job. 7. Institute leadership. The aim of supervision should be to help people and machines and gadgets to do a better job. Supervision of management is in need of an overhaul, as well as supervision of production workers. 8. Drive out fear, so that everyone may work effectively for the company. 9. Break down barriers between departments. People in research, design, sales, and production must work as a team, to foresee problems of production and in use that may be encountered with the product or service. 10. Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets for the work force asking for zero defects and new levels of productivity. Such exhortations only create adversarial relationships, as the bulk of the causes of low quality and low productivity belong to the system and thus lie beyond the power of the workforce. 11. a. Eliminate work standards (quotas) on the factory floor. Substitute leadership. b. Eliminate management by objective. Eliminate management by numbers, numerical goals. Substitute workmanship. 12. a. Remove barriers that rob the hourly worker of his right to pride of workmanship. The responsibility of supervisors must be changed from sheer numbers to quality. b. Remove barriers that rob people in management and in the engineering of their right to pride of workmanship. This means, inter alia, abolishment of the annual or merit rating and of management by objective. 13. Institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement. 14. Put everyone in the company to work to accomplish the transformation. The transformation is everyones work. At the core of Deming’s method of quality improvement was his use of statistics to detect flaws in the production process at the company. But, he also developed a broader management philosophy that emphasized problem-solving based on cooperation. He taught managers to encourage their subordinates to take initiative in their jobs and look for ways to improve the process. He encouraged managers to make employees feel comfortable making improvements to the workplace. Deming also introduced his Theory of Profound Knowledge to the world. Profound knowledge theory involves expanded views and an understanding of the seemingly individual yet truly interdependent elements that compose the larger system, the company. Deming believed that every worker has nearly unlimited potential if placed in an environment that adequately supports, educates, and nurtures senses of pride and responsibility; he stated that the majority85 percentof a workers effectiveness is determined by his environment and only minimally by his own skill. (Skymark, 2008) The Deming Cycle or Shewart Cycle describes a simple method to test information before making a major decision. Most will find the four steps in the Deming Cycle familiar, they are, plan, do check and act. Dr. Deming called the cycle the Shewhart Cycle, after Walter A. Shewhart. The Shewhart cycle is still used in various ways, such as running an experiment. Plan (design) the experiment; Do the experiment by performing the steps; Check the results by testing information, and Act on the decisions based on those results. (Wikipedia 2008). The Deming Cycle is not the only of Deming’s theories and ideas that are still valuable today. Many of his philosophies and variations on his theories can be found is some formation in companies around the world. For instance, companies that once had management only perks such as special parking spaces and executive dining rooms have eliminated these perks, to change their entire culture, following Deming’s theory that if workers feel they are part of the team they will work together to improve quality. Citations: Deming, W. E. (1986) Out of the Crisis, MIT Press Holusha, John. (1993, December 21) W. Edwards Deming, Expert on Business Management, Dies at 93, The New York Times http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE5D81E3BF932A15751C1A965958260sec=spon=pagewanted=all Skymark. (2008). Retrieved December 9, 2008, from: skymark.com/resources/leaders/deming.asp Wikipedia. (2008). Retrieved December 9, 2008 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Deming#Quotations_and_concepts Research Papers on Dr. Edward Deming EssayInternational PaperFalse AdvertisingProject Management 101Definition of Export QuotasDeveloping Branding StrategiesYear Round SchoolingGap Analysis: Lester ElectronicsA Marketing Analysis of the Fast-Food RestaurantGovernment Funding EssayEthics in Business Essay